PBS initially evolved within the field of developmental disabilities and emerged from three major sources: applied behavior analysis, the normalization/inclusion movement, and person-centered values. Although elements of PBS can be found in other approaches, its uniqueness lies in the fact that it integrates the following critical features into a cohesive whole: comprehensive lifestyle change, a lifespan perspective, ecological validity, stakeholder participation, social validity, systems change and multicomponent intervention, emphasis on prevention, flexibility in scientific practices, and multiple theoretical perspectives.

PBS uses functional behavior assessment to understand the relationships between a student's behavior and characteristics of his or her environment. The functional behavior assessment helps to identify multiple strategies to effectively reduce problem behavior including changing systems, altering environments, teaching skills, and focusing on positive behaviors. The PBS process is a team-based approach that relies on a strong collaboration between families and professionals from a variety of disciplines.

The PBS process results in the creation of effective intervention plans that will impede problem behaviors, teach new skills, and create support systems for the student.